可宥性事由：体育竞赛“越轨”行为出罪的又一考量因素     

刘峰江 《河北体育学院学报》2020,34(6):9-16

可宥性事由源于英美刑事诉讼中的可抗辩事由，与正当化事由联袂构成行为出罪理论的基石。与正当化事由不同，可宥性事由已经僭越了法定的行为正当化条件，行为的违法性首先被肯定，只是在责任归属上寻求宽恕性处理。引入可宥性事由，可丰富体育竞赛行为入罪和出罪的相关内容，便于司法统一判定。分析认为，体育竞赛行为可宥性事由成立，要满足体育赛事本身具有合法性和正规性、主体仅针对运动员、行为局限于体育竞赛行为、违法目的“单纯”性、行为以“反规则”为前提等条件。入罪和出罪的类型化有利于定罪和量刑的规范化，分别对竞技伤害行为、滥用兴奋剂行为、假球等竞赛舞弊行为适用可宥性事由予以出罪抑或减轻处罚的情形进行具体分析。最后，指出体育竞赛运动员可宥性事由行为入罪不能忽视运动员自由保障的理念，且尽量避免选择性刑事司法。  相似文献   

基于负样本多通道优化SSD网络的钢铁厂提取     

卢凯旋  李国清  陈正超  昝露洋  李柏鹏  高建威 《中国科学院大学学报》2020,37(3):352-359

准确提取钢铁厂对去产能监测和环境保护具有重要意义。传统的人工目视解译方法效率低、成本高，无法满足开展大区域钢铁厂监测的需求。以深度学习目标检测网络SSD为基础，构建面向遥感影像钢铁厂提取的深度学习目标检测网络，提出maxout模块，将负样本通路优化为多分支结构，突出难分负样本特征并提升网络对无用特征的抵制效果。利用国产GF-1数据对京津冀地区的钢铁厂进行快速自动提取实验。与人工解译的钢铁厂点位数据的对比表明，该目标检测方法的提取精度达到80%以上。  相似文献   

一种在轨海上多运动舰船目标检测和跟踪方法     

矫腾章  胡玉新  吕鹏  张凯  台宪青 《中国科学院大学学报》2020,37(3):368-378

传统遥感卫星图像处理采用在地面进行目标检测和跟踪处理的模式，卫星将拍摄到的图像数据下传至地面数据处理中心，由地面数据处理系统对接收到的遥感图像数据进行目标检测和跟踪。然而，随着遥感图像分辨率的不断提高，需要下传的数据量增大，导致星地数据传输的时间大大增加，最终造成目标检测和跟踪的时效性降低。针对上述问题，提出一种基于多特征量判别的Canny边缘检测和联合概率数据关联的在轨海上多运动舰船目标检测和跟踪方法。将该方法利用中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院的高分微纳卫星实测数据在模拟星载的嵌入式开发平台上进行验证，结果表明该方法能够在轨对海上多运动舰船目标进行快速、准确的检测和跟踪。  相似文献   

国内外社交媒体存档研究与实践述评     

黄新荣  高晨翔 《图书情报工作》2019,63(4):122-134

[目的/意义]社交媒体是网络信息资源的重要组成部分，对国内外社交媒体存档的相关研究成果进行总结与梳理，形成比较完整的综述内容，为国内该领域研究提供参考与借鉴。[方法/过程]基于多学科视角，通过文献计量与内容分析得到社交媒体存档领域的文献分布情况，总结社交媒体存档的理论基础，从宏观层面将社交媒体存档理论与实践研究归纳为"目的与主体""政策与指南""问题与障碍"三个研究主题并展开综述。[结果/结论]国内外社交媒体存档研究具有发展速度较快、与实践结合紧密、区域发展不均衡等特征，在未来研究中需要重视研究对象的变化、管理标准的构建以及多主体间的协作。最后对国内社交媒体存档研究与实践的发展提出建议。  相似文献   

以读者为中心的智慧图书馆研究     

曹树金  刘慧云 《图书情报工作》2019,63(1):23-29

[目的/意义]智慧图书馆是智能技术驱动下的一种新型图书馆模式。当前智慧图书馆的理论研究进入了纵深阶段。因此有必要对过去智慧图书馆的研究进行总结，思考智慧图书馆未来研究的方向。[方法/过程]总结近5年来国内外智慧图书馆研究的主题内容，包括智慧图书馆的基本问题、技术应用、实践案例、智慧服务以及智慧图书馆馆员。[结果/结论]认为智慧图书馆以大数据、人工智能等技术为支撑，建设的重点应当从馆员、资源和读者3要素入手，建立图书馆馆藏、图书馆馆员、图书馆读者的多维交互模式，为读者提供智慧服务。未来智慧图书馆的建设应以读者需求的精准识别为起点，重视读者体验，构建更加以读者为中心的图书馆。  相似文献   

Game-Based Learning in Virtual Worlds: A Multiuser Online Game for Medical Undergraduate Radiology Education within Second Life     

Rocio Lorenzo-Alvarez  Teodoro Rudolphi-Solero  Miguel J. Ruiz-Gomez  Francisco Sendra-Portero 《Anatomical sciences education》2020,13(5):602-617

Game-based learning can have a positive impact on medical education, and virtual worlds have great potential for supporting immersive online games. It is necessary to reinforce current medical students' knowledge about radiological anatomy and radiological signs. To meet this need, the objectives of this study were: to design a competition-based game in the virtual world, Second Life and to analyze the students' perceptions of Second Life and the game, as well as to analyze the medium-term retention of knowledge and the potential impact on the final grades. Ninety out of 197 (45.6%) third-year medical students voluntarily participated in an online game based on self-guided presentations and multiple-choice tests over six 6-day stages. Participants and non-participants were invited to perform an evaluation questionnaire about the experience and a post-exposure knowledge test. Participants rated the experience with mean scores equal to or higher than 8.1 on a 10-point scale, highlighting the professor (9.5 ± 1.1; mean ± SD) and the virtual environment (8.9 ± 1.1). Participants had better results in the post-exposure test than non-participants (59.0 ± 13.5 versus 45.3 ± 11.5; P < 0.001) and a lower percentage of answers left blank (6.7 ± 8.4 versus 13.1 ± 12.9; P = 0.014). Competitive game-based learning within Second Life is an effective and well-accepted means of teaching core radiological anatomy and radiological signs content to medical students. The higher medium-term outcomes obtained by participants may indicate effective learning with the game. Additionally, valuable positive perceptions about the game, the educational contents, and the potential benefit for their education were discovered among non-participants.  相似文献   

RGAN-EL: A GAN and ensemble learning-based hybrid approach for imbalanced data classification     

《Information processing & management》2023,60(2):103235

Imbalanced sample distribution is usually the main reason for the performance degradation of machine learning algorithms. Based on this, this study proposes a hybrid framework (RGAN-EL) combining generative adversarial networks and ensemble learning method to improve the classification performance of imbalanced data. Firstly, we propose a training sample selection strategy based on roulette wheel selection method to make GAN pay more attention to the class overlapping area when fitting the sample distribution. Secondly, we design two kinds of generator training loss, and propose a noise sample filtering method to improve the quality of generated samples. Then, minority class samples are oversampled using the improved RGAN to obtain a balanced training sample set. Finally, combined with the ensemble learning strategy, the final training and prediction are carried out. We conducted experiments on 41 real imbalanced data sets using two evaluation indexes: F1-score and AUC. Specifically, we compare RGAN-EL with six typical ensemble learning; RGAN is compared with three typical GAN models. The experimental results show that RGAN-EL is significantly better than the other six ensemble learning methods, and RGAN is greatly improved compared with three classical GAN models.  相似文献   

灰色预测法在情报研究中的应用研究综述     

张晶晶  李泽霞 《图书情报工作》2021,64(24):106-114

[目的/意义] 灰色预测法可有效处理情报研究中广泛存在的小样本数据，通过对灰色预测法在情报研究中的应用情况进行梳理，总结其在应用过程中存在的不足，为灰色预测法在情报研究中的进一步应用提供参考。[方法/过程] 通过综述情报研究中涉及灰色预测法的相关文献，从数据选取、模型构建和解决的问题等方面对情报研究中灰色预测法的应用进行概述，总结当前情报研究中灰色预测法的应用所存在的问题，并提出改进建议。[结果/结论] 在方法应用上，已有研究主要采用数列灰预测，且模型集中在单变量灰色预测模型，根据预测对象不同，灰色预测法已经在包括期刊分析、图书馆运行管理、热点主题分析及科研机构评价方面得到了很好的应用，未来可根据预测对象特点及研究目标尝试不同的灰色预测方法，扩宽灰色预测法在其他方面的情报研究问题中的应用。  相似文献   

权利抑或特权：奥运会参赛权法律性质辨析——平昌冬奥会俄罗斯运动员及辅助人员体育仲裁案例述评     

郭树理 《上海体育学院学报》2020,(1):39-48

俄罗斯国家奥委会遭国际奥委会(IOC)暂停成员资格,导致很多无辜运动员无法参加平昌冬奥会,国际体育仲裁院(CAS)平昌冬奥会特别仲裁机构处理的数起案件均涉及俄罗斯运动员的参赛资格问题。俄罗斯运动员在仲裁程序中败诉的主要原因是《奥林匹克宪章》规定:奥运会是IOC的专属财产、任何人不拥有参加奥运会的所谓权利、IOC可以拒绝任何人参赛而无须出具理由。IOC运用对奥运会的专属权利,无正当合理理由拒绝符合参赛条件的俄罗斯清白运动员参赛,有构成垄断的嫌疑。符合参赛选拔条件、且不存在禁止性限制因素(如兴奋剂禁赛处罚在身)的清白运动员参加奥运会,是他们的权利,而不是IOC赋予他们的特权。切实保护运动员参赛权利是各国法院和国际体育仲裁院在处理体育参赛资格案件中的一贯立场,平昌冬奥会仲裁庭的实践过于保守。奥林匹克运动体育善治的改革,要求必须对《奥林匹克宪章》进行修改,最大限度地保护运动员的参赛权利,实现《运动员权利与义务宣言》的宗旨。  相似文献   

Understanding the relative contribution of technical and tactical performance to match outcome in Australian Football     

Christopher M Young  Wei Luo  Paul B Gastin  Daniel B Dwyer 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(6):676-681

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to assess if tactical and technical performance indicators (PIs) could be used in combination to model match outcomes in Australian Football (AF). A database of 101 technical PIs and 14 tactical PIs from every match in the 2009–2016 Australian Football League (AFL) seasons was merged. Two outcome measures Win-loss and Score margin were used as dependent variables. The top 45 ranked technical and tactical PIs from a feature selection process were used to model match outcome using decision tree and Generalised Linear Models (GLMs). Of the top 45 selected features, this included seven tactical PIs. The Win-loss-based Decision tree model achieved a classification accuracy of 89.0% and GLM 93.2%. A Score margin-based GLM achieved a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 6.9 points. A combined approach to the classification of match outcomes provided no improvement in model accuracy compared with previous literature. However, this study has established the relative importance of technical and tactical measures of performance in relation to successful team performance in AF.  相似文献